jackson



(No Model.)

' 4Sheets-Sheef 1". J. JACKSON.

STEAM GENERATOR.

' Patented July 7, 1891.

J. J AOKSON. STEAM GENERATOR.

No. 455,623. 0 Patented July 7, 1891.

0 00 0000 000000000000 Q 0 8 0 000 0 v 00000000000 0 000 0 0000000000000 0 i 1 0000000000 0&0 0 /O WITNESSES INVENTOH n4: mama wins 00.,murmmuq, wuumomu, m c.

(No Model.) 4 Sheets-Sheet 4.

J. JACKSON, STEAM GENERATOR.

No. 455,623. Patented July 7, 189-1.

lNVENTO/T W,

PATENTS) COMPANY, LIMITED, OF LONDON, ENGLAND.

STEAM-GENERATOR.

SPECIFIGATIQN forming part of Letters Patent No. 455,623, dated JulyApplication filed March 14, 1891. Serial No. 385.085. (N0 model.)

To aZZ whom, it nutty concern:

Be it known that I, JOHN JACKSON, a subect of the Queen of GreatBritainand Ireland, residing at Liverpool, England, have invent-edcertain new and useful Improvements inor Connected withSteam-Generators; and i I do hereby declare that the following is afull, clear, and exact description of the in:

vention, which will enable others skilled in the art to which itappertains to make and use the same.

' actly, I will describe it by the aid of the accompanying drawings,which illustrate twoexamples of generators involving i inprovementsaccording to this invention.

In the drawings, Figure 1 is asectional elevation of agenerator-according to the in- Vention, having four gas-producingfurnaces and a corresponding number'of combustionchambers and nests oftubes; and Fig. 2 isa plan in section taken partly above the level ofthe gas-producers, partly through the gasproducers, and partly throughthe combustion-chambers. Fig. 3 is a sectional elevation of asteam-generator according to this invention, in which the twogas-producing furnaces are arranged. Fig. 4 is asectional elevation ofthe generator shown in Fig. 3, viewed at ninety degrees from that givenin said Fig. 1. Fig. 5 is a plan in section taken at the line X X, Fig.3. Fig. 6is a sectional plan of the generator, taken at the line Y Y,Fig. 3.

In all the figures the same letters of refer-' ence are used to denotethe same or like parts wherever they occur.

With reference to the drawings, and particularly to Figs. 1 and 2, A arethe gas-producer furnaces, which are arranged and disposed wholly withinthe water and shell of the generator (2'. 8., above thecombustionchamber and lower tube-plate) and eccentrically and close tosuch shell. B is the said generator-shell.

- or conduits D. Thls invention has reference to that class C are thecombustion-chambers, disposed below the level of the gas-producers anddirectly underneath the lower tube-plate.-

D are conduits to which the gas produced in the furnacesA is conveyedprior to delivery into the combustion-chamber C.

E is the downtake pipe or tube common to all the furnaces A, and bywhich said gases are conveyed from the gas-furnaces by way of theconnecting-tubes E to the gas chambers F are conduits to which theheated air used to support combustion of the gas is conveyed prior toits introduction into the combustion-chamber.

f is awall which separates the combustion-chamber C from the air-heatingconduits F, and d is a wall which separates the gasconduits D from thecombustion-ohamber Oi d and f denote apertures provided in the Walls dand f,' respectively, by which the flow of gas from D and the flow ofair from F, respectively, issue intothe combustionchamber 0, and bywhich such air and gas in their flow into the combustion-chamber arecaused to meet one another and become thor oughly mixed and completecombustion facilitated.

G'is the case inclosing the whole of the lower structure of thegenerator, comprising the combustion-chamber O, passages F, gasconduitsD, and ash-pits P, all of which parts are mainly composed of fire-brickand other refractory material, and the whole of which parts lieentirely, as will be seen, below the gas-producing furnaces, nests oftubes, and lower tube-plate.

H are air-inlet conduits having valves h, by which the air to theair-heating conduits F is controlled, and i is a horizontal partition bywhich the air-heating passages F are,

separated into an upper and lower one and the air caused first to flowin one direction horizontally, then down and round in the reversedirection horizontally to the lower chamber F, the air-inlet conduits Hbeing disposed at one end of the upper passage'F.

WVith regard to the upper parts of the gen erator, K are the steam domesor vessels. L is the upper and L" the lower tube-plates. M is thewaste-gas chamber or smoke-box.

leases N is the funnel, and O designates the heat ing tubes. It will beseen, with reference to Figs. 1 and 2 of the drawings, that the tubesare arranged in four nests, and that the gasproducers lie close to theshell of the generator and between said nests.

The gas downtake-tube E, it will be seen, runs from the top to the lowertube-plates and is connected at its ends to such tube plates. Theseconstitute a central stay, as well as a means for conveying gas from thegas-producing furnaces to the combustionchamber. The top of the tube Eis covered by a slab or stopper 6. The smoke-box M is disposed above thetube-plate and incloses partially the steam-domes K, the roof of thechamber M being constructed mainly of ordinary hinged smoke-doors on. Byopening these doors access is at once had to the whole of the tubes,which from this point can be swept, repaired, removed, or inserted; andalso throughthese doors access can be had to the lower portion of thegenerator through the tube E by removing the cover or slab 6'. Access tothe gas-producing furnaces for similar purposes may be had in threedirectionsnamely,by way of the central tubes E and branch tubes E, orthe feeding-chutes R, or the ash-pit doorp.

The steam-domes K are disposed directly above the gas-producing furnacesA,and are consequently four in number, while the chimney or funnel iscentrally located.

The gas-producing furnaces A, it will be seen, have semispherical domesand fire-brick or other refractory linings a, and it will be furtherseen that these gas-producing furnaces lie wholly within the shell B ofthe generatorthat is to say, the casing d of which thecombustion-chambers are made, is joined to the lower tube-plate Lat thebottom, and is surrounded and in contact with the water within thegenerator, the grate S (which is of the ordinary door kind) beingpractically on a level with the lower tube-plate L, a small space,however, at one side nearest the ash-pit door 19 being provided, and thegrate arranged slightly lower than such tube-plate to allow of the fuelupon the grate being stoked or worked through the doorway of the doorp.

A door 0 and passages c are provided at the bottom of the base of thegenerator, by which ready access may be had to the combustion-chamber Cfrom outside for the purpose of inspection and removal of dust or othermatters from the floor thereof.

It will be seen that this construction of generator, like that describedin my application for Letters Patent filed of even date herewith,

6olfierial No. 385,084, provides for having the hitting-tubes O entirelycovered with water at all times, if desired-that is to say, by arrangingthe tube-plateL and the steam-domes K as shown, the water-level (whichis designated W L) can be maintained at the point shown in Fig. 1--thatis, within the domes K, and consequently the tubes will be whollysurrounded or covered with water. If, however, it is desired to lowerthe waterlevel when steam is once up, the level of the water may be letdown below the level of the upper tube-plate L, whereby a greater freesurface of water for the liberation of steam is obtained.

To effect a good circulation, I provide directin g-plates T between theshells of the gas-producing furnace, as shown, the action of which isthat a descending current will take place about the central pipe E, andwill be guided by these plates T and a part of the shells of theproducers A toward the bottom of the generator, where the plates Tterminate and the current assumes a horizontal direction, sweepingoutward radially over the surface of the lower tube-plate L, and thenascending up the tubes by the heatimp-arted toit by such tubes.

The air used to support combustion of the gas introduced into thecombustion-chamberC is heated in passingth rough thehorizontal passagesF by coming into contact with and being subj ected to the radiant heatof the hot walls f thereof. The air after first passing through theupper passage F enters the lower passage F round the end of thehorizontal division or partition 2' and i, (shown more clearly and fullyin Figs. 5 and 6,) at which point the partition 2' is stopped. In thislower passage F it receives additional heat, and from here it passesinto the combustion-chan1ber by the oblong passages f and is broken upand delivered into a number of comparatively thin streams and meetscorresponding streams of gas, which also will be hot, issuing throughcorresponding apertures 01 in the wall of the gas-conduitsD. Thesedivided streams of hot air and gas thereby assimilate and becomethoroughly mixed and complete combustion results. I

In the generator shown in Figs. 1 and 2 it will be seen that for eachgas-producing furnace there is provided a combustion-chamber, and eachcombustion-chamber has its own air-heating passages F and inlet conduitsand valvesH and 71, and there may also be provided, either within thetube E or the branch tubes E, suitable dampers or doors for controllingcommunication between the tube E and the furnace A. Such a damper, withits actuating rods and levers, for example, is shown in dotted lines inFig.1 and designated as, and similar dampers may be adapted to controlthe mouths of the gas-conduits D.

The steam-generators illustrated in the drawings are provided withsuitable conduits Q, which in practice may be steam-jet blowers forsupplying the air used to convert the solid fuel in the furnace A to agaseous form.

In the generator shown in Figs. 3 to 6 two gas -producing furnaces areemployed and each gas-producer has a downtake gaseouduit E and belowseparate gas chambers or passages D, such two chambers D being separatedby a partition (1 These two, however,

have a common combustion-'chamber C.

disposed at this side near the shell, so that the furnaces, feed-chutes,and gas-tubes are disposed wholly on one side of the generator.

ingfurnaces and gas-pipes E, while the combustion-chamber O is disposedor arranged on 5 V the opposite side of the generator and directly.

below the nest of tubes 0.

tion and arrangement of steam-generator in this in stance are onewherein the conversion of the solid fuel to the gaseous form and itsdistribution arecarried out wholly in the one half i of the'generator,while its combustion and the heating of the water take site half of thegenerator.

It Will be seen that in both arrangements, according to this inventionherein described and illustrated, the gas-producing furnaces and theheating-tubes are arranged in the upper part of the generatorthat is,within theshellandabovethelowertube-platewhile the combustion-chamberand gas and air passages leading thereto are disposed below thegas-producing furnaces and tubes-that is to say, the steam-generatorsare constructed so that the solid fuel is converted into gas in agas'producer or producers constructed in the upper part or shell of thegenerator and the combustion chamber or chambers is or are disposedunderneath said producers?l. e., beneath such producer and the ground orfloor.

In the examples shown in Figs. 3 to 6 the distribution of gas and airand the heating of such air to support combustion of the gases made arecarried out practically in the same way as that specified with referenceto Figs. land 2:

In the above-described steam-generators I provide av type of generatorwhich is particularly adapted to give a constant production of steam,and on this ground is more particularly suited for use as a marinesteam-generator in cases where steaming is carried on constantly or fora lengthened period or for days together, in that by providing thegenerator with a plurality of gas-producing furnaces, as described, andarranging and working them as set forth it is possible to obtain anuninterrupted productionof gas and consequent continuous generation ofsteam while one of the gas-producing furnaces is being cleaned, stoked,or out of operation for any other purpose or object.

'It isto be understood that it is not intended to confine this patentstrictly to the particular forms and dispositions of parts set forthwith reference to the figures of the In this example the gas-producingfurnaces A; are disposed at one side of the generator and near the shellthereof, and their fuel-feeding. chutes R and downtake gas-tubes E arealso.

Thus my construe place in the oppo drawings, nor to the'number ofgas-producers used, as these will naturally vary accordlng to thevarious requirements and conditions under which theinveution may beemployed;

also, the parts mayjbe modified in different ways without departing fromthe controlling features of the invention. On the other hand,

I makeno claim, generally,to the use of separate gas-producers as suchin twin or duplex form for the purpose of generating gas for use in thegeneration of steam, as I am aware that it has been proposed prior to myinvention to employ such things; but

I declare that what I do claim in respect of theherein-describedinvention is V 21. In a steam-generator, thecombination of a shellsubstantially vertically disposed, having end inclosing plates L L, twoor more separate gas producing furnaces disposed substantially whollywithin the shell thereofe;

above the lower end plate and near the shell, a combustion-chamber, inthe lower part of the generator undersaid lower plate, tubes passingthrough the water-space .within the shell and directly over saidcombustion-cham-' ber, tubes connecting said furnaces with thecombustion-chamber for conveylng the-gas thereto, and air-passages forconveying air to said combustion-chamber wherein the gases made in theproducers are ignite l or burn and distributed to the saidheating-tubes, for the purposes set forth.

2. In a steam-generator, the combination of a substantially verticalcylindrical shell having upper and lower end inclosiug plates, aplurality of gas-producing furnaces arranged within the shell of thegenerator, a plurality of nests of tubes passing through the waterspacewithin the shell, a plurality of combustion-chambers, one being disposeddirectly below the tube ends of each of said nests of tubes, a pluralityof air-inlet conduits, one being adapted to supply each of saidcombustion-chambers with air, and gas-conduits for conveying gas to eachof said combustionchambers, whereby to each gas-producing furnace isprovided a separate combustionchamber and nest of tubes, substantiallyas and for the purposes set forth.

rec

3. In a steam-generator, the combination of a shell vertically arrangedand having upper and lower end plates L L, two or more gasproducingfurnaces within said shell and above thelower plate L, a gasdowntake-conduit for conveying away the gas from said furnaces, valvesor dampers controlling the aperture by which the gas flows fron'isaidfurnaces into said downtake-conduits, a'c'ombustion-chamber underneathsaid lower plate L, and tubes 0, passing through the wateW space of saidshell, substantially as and for the purposes described.

.4. In a steam-generator, the combination of a cylindrical shellsubstantially vertical, having top and bottom platesL L, a plurality ofgas-producing furnaces disposed within and,

' close to the shell and connected to and stand ing above said lower.tube-plate L, tubes disposedwithin said shell and running verticallytherethrough, a combustion chamber or chambers below the lowertube-plate and level of the bottom of the gas-producin g furnaces anddirectly beneath the open ends of said tubes, and a centrally-disposedtube connecting said upper and lower tube-plates and commu nicating withthe upper parts of said furnaces by suitable conduits and by which thegas is conveyed down into the combustion chamber or chambers,substantially as setforth.

5. In a steam-generator, the combination of a shell substantiallyvertically disposed and having upper and lower end plates, a pluralityof gas-producing furnaces disposed within said shell, a nest or nests oftubes passing through the space Within said shell, and steamdolnes K onsaid upper plate of the shell and disposed one directly over each ofsaid gasproducing furnaces, substantially as and for the purposes setforth.

6. In a steam-generator, the combination of a shell comprising acylinder vertically disposed and upper and lower end inclosing platesand having a plurality of gas-producing furnaces and gas downtake-tubetherein and running upward therethrough, a gaschamber adapted to receiveand distribute the gas from said downtake, a plurality of ash-pits Pbelow said furnaces, and a plurality of separate combustion-chamberswhereinto the gas produced in the gas-producing furnace and air isintroduced and burned,

said chambers being disposed directly under JOHN JACKSON.

\Vitnesses:

ERNEST R. RoYsToN, JAMES ANDREW CONBROUGH,

Both of 15 T Vater Street, Liverpool.

